Venue: Seminar Room, Australia India Institute, The University of Melbourne
Presenters: Professor Venni. V. Krishna
More than 94% of India’s workforce (nearly 500 million) is in the informal sector and only 3% of this workforce has had some sort of skills training. Further, various estimates draw attention to the reality that nearly 68% of Indian population earn less than US $2 a day. A predominant section of this population is youth between 18 and 35. So in India we are talking about the ‘other half’. By all estimates and accounts given by scholars such as Amartya Sen, John Derez and Thomas Piketty, inequality is on the rise in India, as elsewhere, leading to further impoverishment. How can we build skill capacities to enable this population to ‘leapfrog’ out of poverty? Is there a technological conundrum which is insurmountable? How can social and technological innovations aid and enhance their income? Are there any viable institutional models?
Inclusive innovation refers to different types and forms of innovation activities or performance by which we can get more for a lesser cost and which could cater and meet the needs and demands of more people. The essence of inclusive innovation is to help poor, marginalized and underprivileged sections of society to improve their livelihoods and enable them to climb up the socio-economic ladder. What is being reframed as a possible strategy or solution has its historical roots in the AT movement (E.F.Schumachar) and the Gandhian ideas of economy and society in the 1940s and 1950s. These ideas have inspired and influenced a range of individuals, institutions and civil society groups in inclusive innovation.
In this landscape, one can find diversity of institutions and institutional approaches, multiple methodologies and goals in promoting inclusive innovations. There are grassroots innovation institutions such as Honeybee Network. At a meso level, there are civil society groups such as Amul cooperative network, SEWA, Barefoot College, National Innovation Foundation, Jaipur Foot, Narayana Hrudalaya, Aravind Eye Clinic and several other groups. All these institutions and groups have demonstrated how to improve the living conditions of poor people, reduce poverty and enhance the income of people in the informal sector. They have developed different methodologies of inclusive innovation to intervene, build capacities and capabilities of poor people. The issue is how to bridge informal and formal institutional sectors in skills education and training? The challenge however remains to scale up, accomplish this with certain degree of speed and sustain and promote livelihood for poor. Promoting inclusive and social innovation via these specialised NGO sector is one important pathway. What are other alternative path ways?
Venni. V. Krishna is a Professor in Science Policy, at the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) New Delhi and Editor-in-Chief, Science, Technology and Society – An International Journal published by Sage Publications.
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https://events.unimelb.edu.au/events/6799-half-baked-ideas-inclusive-innovation-in-india-reinventing-gandhi-for-the